Hernias
What is a hernia?
A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot or opening in a muscle or connective tissue that normally holds it in place. This can create a bulge or a lump, and hernias can occur in various areas of the body.
Common types of hernias:
Inguinal hernia
The most common type of hernia, occurring in the groin region. Inguinal hernias are more common in men than women and may cause a bulge or swelling in the groin.
Umbilical hernia
A hernia that occurs at the belly button (umbilicus), often seen in newborns. It can also develop in adults, particularly in pregnant women or individuals with excess abdominal pressure.
Incisional hernia
This type of hernia can occur at the site of a previous surgical incision, where the muscles and tissues have weakened.
What causes a hernia?
Weakness in the abdominal wall: Weakness in the muscles of the abdominal wall can be congenital (present at birth) of acquired (from surgical procedures or abdominal wall trauma) over time.
Straining and lifting: Excessive straining during bowel movements, chronic coughing, or heavy lifting can contribute to the development of hernias.
Age: Aging can lead to a natural weakening of muscles and tissues, increasing the risk of hernias.
Obesity: Excess weight can put additional strain on the abdominal muscles, increasing risk of hernias.
What are the symptoms of a hernia?
Visible bulge or lump, particularly when standing or straining.
Pain or discomfort, especially during activities like lifting, straining or standing for long periods.
Feeling of heaviness
Abdominal bloating, vomiting – Depending on the contents of the hernia, a bowel obstruction may result in these symptoms. If this occurs, it is a surgical emergency and prompt presentation to your nearest emergency department for evaluation is recommended.
How is a hernia diagnosed?
The diagnosis of a hernia typically involves a combination of medial history, physical examination and in some cases imaging studies.
How is a hernia treated?
Watchful waiting
Small asymptomatic hernias may be monitored, especially if they are not causing significant discomfort or complications.
Surgical repair
Most hernias require surgical intervention to repair the weakened tissues and prevent complications. Surgical technique may involve open surgery or minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic or robotic surgery. This usually involves insertion of a mesh.
The decision on appropriate treatment approach depends on factors such as the type and size of the hernia, the presence of symptoms and the individual’s overall health. It is important for individuals with hernias to consult with a surgeon to determine the most suitable treatment plan.