Pilonidal Disease
What is pilonidal disease?
Pilonidal disease, also known as pilonidal cyst or pilonidal sinus, is a condition that involves the formation of cysts or abscess near the tailbone (coccyx) on top of the buttocks.
Pilonidal disease typically begins as a small cyst or abscess filled with hair, skin debris and sometimes infection.
What causes pilonidal disease?
The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from a combination of factors, including hair growth, friction, and other environmental factors. One common theory suggest that loose hair penetrates the skin, causing an inflammatory reaction, leading to the formation of a cyst or abscess.
Hair growth
Coarse or curly hair in the affected area may contribute to the development of pilonidal disease. Loose hair may penetrate the skin, causing irritation and inflammation.
Friction and pressure
Pilonidal disease is often associated with activities that involve prolonged sitting, friction, or pressure in the buttock cleft. This may include sitting for extended periods, such as during long drives or in occupations that require prolonged sitting.
Obesity
Being overweight is a risk factor for pilonidal disease. Excess body weight can contribute to increased friction and pressure in the buttock cleft.
Hormonal factors
Hormonal changes during puberty may contribute to the development of pilonidal disease, as it is often diagnosed in young adults.
How is a pilonidal disease treated?
Treatment of pilonidal disease depends on the severity of the condition, whether an infection is present, and the frequency of recurrence.
For an infected abscess, a healthcare provider may need to make an incision to drain the pus. This is often done under a general anaesthetic.
A chronic pilonidal sinus can be managed with a simple excision or a flap closure if significant tissue is excised.
Preventative measures such as good personal hygiene, laser hair removal and weight management can help reduce the risk of pilonidal disease.